Japanese American ethnicity: in search of heritage and homeland across generations

Introduction: Ethnic heritage across the generations: racialization, transnationalism, and homeland

History and the second generation

The prewar Nisei: Americanization and nationalist belonging

The postwar Nisei: biculturalism and transnational identities

Racialization, citizenship, and heritage

Assimilation and loss of ethnic heritage among third-generation Japanese Americans

The struggle for racial citizenship among later-generation Japanese Americans

Ethnic revival among fourth-generation Japanese Americans

Ethnic heritage, performance, and diasporicity

Japanese American taiko and the remaking of tradition

Performative authenticity and fragmented empowerment through taiko

Diasporicity and Japanese Americans

Conclusion: Japanese Americans ethnic legacies and the future.