Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches

Preface

What Is New in This Edition

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

Analytic Tables of Contents by Approach

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Examples

List of "Try This Now" Activities

Chapter 1. Introduction to Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Defining Qualitative Research

Selection of the Five Approaches

Key Book Readings : Narrative Research ; Phenomenology ; Grounded Theory ; Ethnography ; Case Study

Chapter 2. Philosophical Assumptions and Interpretive Frameworks : Situating Philosophy and Interpretive Frameworks Within the Research Process

Philosophical Assumptions: Why Philosophy is Important ; Four Philosophical Assumptions ; Writing Philosophical Assumptions Into Qualitative Studies

Interpretive Frameworks : Postpositivism ; Social Constructivism ; Transformative Frameworks ; Postmodern Perspectives ; Pragmatism ; Feminist Theories ; Critical Theory ; Critical Race Theory ; Postcolonial Theories ; Queer Theory; Disability Theories

The Practice of Using Interpretive Frameworks in Qualitative Research

Linking Philosophy and Interpretive Frameworks in Qualitative Research

Chapter 3. Designing a Qualitative Study : When to Use Qualitative Research

What a Qualitative Study Requires from Us

The Features of a "Good" Qualitative Study

The Process of Designing a Qualitative Study : Preliminary Considerations ; Phases in the Research Process ; Elements in All Phases of the Research

Practical Guidance for Qualitative Research Ethics : Ethical Situations Across the Research Process

The Design Structures of a Qualitative Research Plan or Proposal : Design Considerations Useful for Engaging Readers ; General Writing Structures

Chapter 4. Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry: Deciding Among the Five Approaches

Narrative Research : Definition of Narrative Research ; Origins of Narrative Research ; Defining Features of Narrative Studies ; Types of and Variations Within Narrative Research ; Procedures for Conducting Narrative Research ; Challenges and Opportunities in Narrative Research

Phenomenological Research : Definition of Phenomenological Research ; Origins of Phenomenological Research ; Defining Features of Phenomenology ; Types of and Variations Within Phenomenology ; Procedures for Conducting Phenomenological Research ; Challenges and Opportunities in Phenomenological Research

Grounded Theory Research : Definition of Grounded Theory Research ; Origins of Grounded Theory Research ; Defining Features of Grounded Theory ; Types of and Variations Within Grounded Theory Studies ; Procedures for Conducting Grounded Theory Research ; Challenges and Opportunities in Grounded Theory Research

Ethnographic Research : Definition of Ethnographic Research ; Origins of Ethnographic Research ; Defining Features of Ethnographies ; Types of and Variations Within Ethnographies ; Procedures for Conducting an Ethnography ; Challenges and Opportunities in Ethnographic Research

Case Study Research : Definition of Case Study Research ; Origins of Case Study Research ; Defining Features of Case Studies ; Types of and Variations Within Case Studies ; Procedures for Conducting a Case Study ; Challenges and Opportunities in Case Study Research

Comparing the Five Approaches

Chapter 5. Five Different Qualitative Studies : A Narrative Study

A Phenomenological Study

A Grounded Theory Study

An Ethnographic Study

A Case Study

Differences Among the Approaches : Selecting Your Approach

Chapter 6. Introducing and Focusing the Study : Interrelating the Study Problem, Purpose, and Questions Within Research

The Research Problem Statement

The Purpose Statement

The Research Questions : The Central Question ; Subquestions

Introducing and Focusing Your Study

Chapter 7. Data Collection : The Data Collection Circle : Ethical Considerations for Data Collections ; The Site or Individual ; Access and Rapport ; Purposeful Sampling Strategies ; Forms of Data ; Recording Information Procedures ; Fieldwork Issues ; Data Storage and Security

Comparing the Five Approaches in Data Collection

Chapter 8. Data Analysis and Representation : Three Analysis Strategies

The Data Analysis Spiral : Ethical Considerations in Data Analysis ; Managing and Organizing the Data ; Reading and Memoing Emergent Ideas ; Describing and Classifying Codes Into Themes ; Developing and Assessing Interpretations ; Representing and Visualizing the Data

How to Use Computer Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) : Advantages and Disadvantages ; A Sampling of Computer Software for Qualitative Data Analysis ; Steps in Using a QDAS Program

Analysis Within Approaches to Inquiry : Narrative Research Analysis and Representation ; Phenomenological Research Analysis and Representation ; Grounded Theory Research Analysis and Representation ; Ethnographic Research Analysis and Representation ; Case Study Research Analysis and Representation

Comparing the Five Approaches in Data Analysis

Chapter 9. Writing a Qualitative Study : Ethical Considerations for Writing

Several Writing Strategies : Reflexivity and Representations in Writing ; Audience for Our Writings ; Encoding Our Writings ; Quotes in Our Writings

Overall and Embedded Writing Strategies : Narrative Writing Structures ; Phenomenological Writing Structures ; Grounded Theory Writing Structures ; Ethnographic Writing Structures ; Case Study Writing Structures

Comparing Writing Structures Across the Five Approaches

Chapter 10. Standards of Validation and Evaluation : Validation and Reliability in Qualitative Research : Perspectives on Validation Within Qualitative Research ; Validation Strategies ; Reliability Perspectives and Procedures

Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research

Evaluation Criteria Specific to Each of the Five Approaches : Narrative Research ; Phenomenological Research ; Grounded Theory Research ; Ethnographic Research ; Case Study Research

Comparing Evaluation Standards Across the Five Approaches

Chapter 11. "Turning the Story" and Conclusion : Turning the Story Across the Five Approaches : The Original Story: "Campus Response to a Student Gunman" ; A Case Study ; A Narrative Study ; A Phenomenology ; A Grounded Theory Study ; An Ethnography ; Case Study

Conclusion: Seven Key Takeaways : Study Focus ; Interpretive Orientation ; Language Use ; Participant Samples ; Analysis Strategies ; Report Writing ; Research Quality

Appendix A. A Narrative Research Study

"Living in the Space Between Participant and Researcher as a Narrative Inquirer: Examining Ethnic Identity of Chinese Canadian Students as Conflicting Stories to Live By" /

Elaine Chan

Appendix B. Resilient Leadership: A Phenomenological Exploration Into How Black Women in Higher Education Leadership Navigate Cultural Adversity / Nuchelle L. Chance

Appendix C. Aging With Intellectual Disability in Families: Navigating Ever-Changing Seas

A Theoretical Model /

Henrietta Trip, Lisa Whitehead, Marie Crowe, Brigil Mirfin-Veitch and Chris Daffue

Appendix D. An Ethnography

"British-Born Pakistani and Bangladeshi Young Men: Exploring Unstable Concepts of Muslim, Islamophobia, and Racialization" /

Martin Mac an Ghaill and Chris Haywood

Appendix E. Learning from Error in Violence Prevention: A School Shooting as an Organizational Accident / Sarah Goodrum, Jessie Slepicka, William Woodward and Beverly Kingston.

Philosophical assumptions and interpretive frameworks

Designing a qualitative study

Five qualitative approaches to inquiry

Five different qualitative studies

Introducing and focusing the study

Data collection

Data analysis and representation

Writing a qualitative study

Standards of validation and evaluation

"Turning the story" and conclusion.