Executive functions: what they are, how they work, and why they evolved

Problems with the concept of executive functioning

The extended phenotype : a foundation for modeling executive functioning

Executive functioning as an extended phenotype

The instrumental-self-directed level

The methodical-self-reliant level

The tactical-reciprocal level

The strategic-cooperative level

The extended utilitarian zone

Implications for understanding executive functioning and its disorders

Implications for the assessment and clinical management of deficits in executive functioning.