Surge to freedom: the end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe

Introduction-1989 : Year of the avalanche.

1. Millennium becomes Memento Mori.

2. Gorbachev's policy revolution.

3. Poland : The crowning of solidarity.

4. Hungary : Toward the civil society.

5. The German democratic republic : The state without a nation.

6. Czechoslovakia : The kinder, gentler revolution.

7. Bulgaria : "From under another yoke."

8. Romania : The uprising.

9. Yugoslavia and Albania : The eclipse of national communism.

10. The prospects before them.

Appendix : Chronology of the main events in Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, and Albania, 1989.