The ANC's early years: nation, class and place in South Africa before 1940

Introduction

Perspectives on ANC-labour history

Black labour in South Africa to 1940

Early African political organisations and black labour

The SANNC and African working people

To "heartily ... assist the working movement as best they can" : Congress and black labour in the Transvaal, 1912-1919

"Join our union

you will find good result" : Congress and labour in the Cape, Natal and Orange Free State, 1912-1919

"A strong seed in a stony bed" : the 1920s

"The ruling class is getting lost in the mist and sea of selfishness" : Natal in the 1920s

"I-Kongilesi Lilizwi enzindlwini" (Congress's name is Household) : the Transvaal, Cape and Orange Free State in the 1920s

From "culpable inertia" to rebuilding : the ANC and labour in the 1930s

Moderate centre, militant province? The Cape in the 1930s

"A very, very wide influence, even when ... dead" : the Transvaal, Natal and Orange Free State in the 1930s

Conclusion.