The rise of Islam (A.D. 610-661)
From Arab empire to Islamic caliphate : the Umayyads and Abbasids (661-945)
Islam, law, and the state
The Arab West : North Africa, Sicily, and Spain
Arab sunset, Turkish dawn : the struggle for international Islam (945-1517)
Society, culture, and the life of the mind (661-1517)
The Ottoman age (1517-1798)
Sick man of the Middle East : the Arab world in the age of Ottoman decline and European ascendance (1798-1920)
The hope of revival : Arab nationalism, secularism, and socialism (c. 1920-1950)
Hopes betrayed : the contemporary world
Conclusion : reflections, present and future
Glossary of Arabic terms.
