Part I: Intangible values and protected areas: fundamental issues
1. Introduction: perspectives on the values of protected areas / Allen D. Putney
2. The source and significance of values in protected areas / David Harmon
3. Conserving the sacred: the protective impulse and the origins of modern protected areas / P.S. Ramakrishnan
4. Managing the intangible / Anthony J. English and Ellen Lee
Part II: In-depth analysis of particular intangible values
5. Recreational values of protected areas / John Shultis
6. The social value of the Nyangkpe sacred forests of South West Province of Cameroon / Bayie Kamanda, Angu Kenneth Angu, and Jean-Claude Nguinguiri
7. The cultural values of protected areas / Terence Hay-Edie
8. Life and the nature of life
in parks / Holmes Rolston III
9. Aesthetic values and protected areas: a story of symbol preservation / Eduardo Crespo de Nogueira and Consuelo Martinez Flores
10. National parks as scientific benchmark standards for the biosphere: or, how are you going to tell how it used to be, when there's nothing left to see? / Gary E. Davis, David M. Grabner, and Steven A. Acker
11. Therapeutic values of parks and protected areas / Alan Ewert, Steven J. Hollenhorst, Leo McAvoy, and Keith C. Russell
Part III: Intangible values in relation to the management of particular kinds of protected areas
12. Ishmael's inclinations: nonuse values of marine protected areas / Bradley W. Barr, Rod Ehler, and Peter Wiley
13. National parks versus protected landscapes? Legitimacy, values, and the management of the Colombian tropical wildlands / Gérman I. Andrade
14. Biosphere reserves: tangible and intangible values / Thomas Schaaf
15. World heritage sites: toward linking the tangible and the intangible / Mechtild Rössler
16. Community-conserved biodiverse areas: lessons from South Asia / Neema Pathak and Ashish Kothari
17. Strictly protected areas: the Russian system of Zapovedniks / Natalia Danilina and Vladimir Boreyko
18. Protected landscapes in the Andean context: worshipping the sacred in nature and culture / Fausto O. Sarmiento
Part IV: Conflict and controversy in the arena of values
19. Parks as battleground: managing conflicting values / Michael J. Tranel and Adrienne Hall
20. Wilderness as contested g round / Jonathan I. Barnes
21. Battling religions in parks and forest reserves: facing religion in conflicts over protected places / Bron Taylor and Joel Geffen
22. Wirikuta: the Wixarika/Huichol sacred natural site in the Chihuahuan Desert, San Luis Potosi, Mexico / Mercedes Otegui Acha
Part V. Synthesis and future directions
23. Intangible values and protected areas: toward a more holistic approach to management / Allen D. Putney and David Harmon.
