The Routledge companion to epistemology

Introduction / Sven Bernecker and Duncan Pritchard / FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS Truth / Michael P. Lynch Belief / Eric Schwitzgebel Epistemic justification / Jonathan L. Kvanvig Epistemic rationality / Richard Foley Epistemic norms / Pascal Engel Evidence / Timothy McGrew Disagreement / Bryan Frances Epistemic relativism / Paul Boghossian Understanding / Stephen R. Grimm Wisdom / Dennis Whitcomb THE ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE The basing relation / Ram Neta The Gettier problem / Stephen Hetherington Fallibilism / Trent Dougherty Externalism/internalism / Hamid Vahid Defeasibility theory / Thomas Gundmann Evidentialism / Daniel M. Mittag Reliabilism / Juan Comesan̋a Modal and anti-luck epistemology / Tim Black Virtue epistemology / Jonathan L. Kvanvig Knowledge first / Timothy Williamson The value problem / John Greco THE STRUCTURE OF KNOWLEDGE Foundationalism / Michael DePaul Infinitism / Peter D. Klein Coherentism / Erik J. Olsson KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE Inductive knowledge / Alexander Bird A priori knowledge / Laurence BonJour Perceptual knowledge / David Sosa Self-knowledge / Sanford Goldberg Testimonial knowledge / Jennifer Lackey Memory knowledge / Sven Bernecker Semantic knowledge / Peter Ludlow Scientific knowledge / Peter Achinstein

Logical and mathematical knowledge / Otávio Bueno Aesthetic knowledge / Matthew Kieran Moral knowledge / Robert Audi Religious knowledge / Linda Zagzebski SKEPTICISM Phyrrhonian skepticism / Richard Bett Cartesian skepticism / Steven Luper Skeptical doubts about self-knowledge / Fred Dretske Skepticism about knowledge of other minds / Anita Avramides Skepticism about inductive knowledge / Joe Morrison Rule-following skepticism / Alexander Miller Moral skepticism / Geoffrey Sayre-McCord RESPONSES TO SKEPTICISM Skepticism and anti-realism / Richard Schantz Skepticism and epistemic externalism / Richard Fumerton Skepticism and semantic externalism / Anthony Brueckner KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE ATTRIBUTIONS Contrastivism / Adam Morton Contextualism / Patrick Rysiew Relativism and knowledge attributions / John MacFarlane Epistemic modals / Josh Dever Pragmatic encroachment / Jeremy Fantl and Matthew McGrath FORMAL EPISTEMOLOGY Logic and formal semantics for epistemology / John Symons

Second-order knowledge / Christoph Kelp and Nikolaj J.L.L. Pedersen

Epistemic closure / Peter Baumann

Bayesian epistemology / Stephan Hartmann and Jan Sprenger

Theories of belief change / André Fuhrmann

The knowability paradox / Joe Salerno

THE HISTORY OF EPISTEMOLOGY

Plato / Timothy Chappell

Aristotle / Richard Patterson

René Descartes / Stephen Gaukroger

John Locke / E.J. Lowe

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz / Nicholas Jolley

George Berkeley / George Pappas

Thomas Reid / Ryan Nichols

David Hume / Helen Beebee

Immanuel Kant / Eckart Förster

Bertrand Russell / William Demopoulos

Ludwig Wittgenstein / Marie McGinn

Rudolf Carnap / Thomas Uebel

Willard van Orman Quine / Richard Creath

John Langshaw Austin / Mark Kaplan

METAEPISTEMOLOGICAL ISSUES

Epistemology and the role of intuitions / William G. Lycan

Experimental epistemology / Jonathan M. Weinberg

Naturalistic epistemology / Klemens Kappel

Evolutionary epistemology / Michael Bradie

Pragmatist epistemology / Cheryl Misak

Social epistemology / Martin Kusch

Feminist epistemology / Alessandra Tanesini.